Repeated Roots – In this section we discuss the solution to homogeneous, linear, second order differential equations, ay′′ +by′ +cy = 0 a y ″ + b y ′ + c y = 0, in which the roots of
ax + bx’ + cx = 0 As in the first order case, the solutions will be exponential functions. In the second order case, however, the exponential functions can be either real or complex, so that
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The general second‐order homogeneous linear differential equation has the form. If a ( x ), b ( x ), and c ( x) are actually constants, a ( x) ≡ a ≠ 0, b ( x) ≡ b , c ( x) ≡ c, then the equation becomes
second order linear differential equation with constant coefficients Consider the second order homogeneous linear differential equation x′′ +bx′+cx = 0, x ′′ + b x ′ + c x = 0, (1)
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